Group 8 : Temperature

-Temperature-

____(Group 8)_____

Memebers: JANSEN DARYL ANN(15), JOSCELYN LEW(19), LIN JING YI(20), LEANN SANTA CRUZ(31)____________________________________________________

What is Temperature?

- Temperature is the measurement of how hot or cold an something is.
- It is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment.
- Temperature plays an important role in almost all fields of science, including physics, geology, chemistry, and biology.
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-Units -

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1) Kelvin

- The SI unit for temperature is Kelvin (K).
- The freezing point of water in this scale is 0 k and the boiling point is at 273.15 k
- Because there are no lower temperatures than 0 K - the Kelvin scale does not have negative numbers.
- Unit in the Kelvin scale are represented by a (k). There is no degree symbols used for Kelvin.

2) Celsius

- A commonly used unit for temperature is (°C) degree Celsius.
- The boiling point of water is at 0 °C and freezes at 100 °C.

3) Fahrenheit

- In the United States, the Fahrenheit scale is widely used. Temperatures measured on this scale are designated as degrees Fahrenheit (° F). The freezing point of water is at 32 °F. The boiling point of water is at 212 °F.'



-Conversions-
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- Celsius to Kelvin

Temperature in Kelvin = Temperature in Celsius + 273.15 degrees.


E.g. Normal body temperature (37°C) + 273.15 degrees = Temperature in Kelvin

Temperature in Kelvin = 37.0 + 273.15
= 310.15 k

- Celsius to Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to Celsius

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-Instruments-

1. Liquid-in-glass thermometer or commonly known as laboratory thermometer

-It can read a range of temperatures from -10°C to 110°C.

- Using the Laboratory thermometer-


1) Set up the tripod stand, Including the retort stand, beaker and bunsen burner.
2) Attach the thermometer to the retort stand. Tighten the screw to secure the thermometer.
3) Place the end of the thermometer half-way inside the beaker. Make sure that it is dipped in the water inside the beaker but not touching the bottom of the apparatus.
4) Interpret the readings. Etched into the body of the thermometer are markings indicating degrees in Fahrenheit and/or Celsius. When reading the thermometer, you should read it at eye level.

2. Mercury-in-glass thermometer

-It can read a range of temperatures from 35°C to 42°C.

3. Infrared thermometer or also known as laser thermometer or non-contact thermometer.
-It is known as a laser thermometer if a laser is used to help aim at the object to take the temperature.
-It can read a range of temperatures from -55°C to 280°C.


4. Digital thermometer
-It is commonly used at home and in schools to measure a person's body temperature.
-It can read a range of temperatures from 35.5°C to 41.1°C

5. Thermocouple

-It is a widely used type of temperature sensor for measurement and can also be used to convert heat into electric power.
-It can measure a range of temperatures from -200°C to 1200°C.

6. Thermal scanners or known as infrared camera

-It uses infrared radiation to create images.
-During Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome or commonly known as SARS and H1N1, thermal scanners were used in airports to take people's temperature.
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Thermal Imaging
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- Thermal imaging displays the amount of infrared energy emitted, transmitted, and reflected by an object. Because of this, it is quite difficult to get an accurate temperature of an object using this method.

- Thermal images include the temperature-measuring kind of thermal imagers called "Radiometric", by those in the business, and "Quantitative" by those mostly in thermal imaging. Because of this, thermal imaging does not give a precise temperature reading.

- An instrument used for thermal imaging is the Thermal imaging camera.

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- References -
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http://eo.ucar.edu/skymath/tmp2.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature
http://www.weatherwizkids.com/